CWeak evidence, or evidence againstVitamin
The short answer
Beta-carotene from vegetables carries none of this risk. Retinol supplements need a reason.
Who this is actually for
People with diagnosed deficiency or fat malabsorption. Rare in Europe.
What it is legally allowed to claim
Quoted from the EU register of authorised health claims, Regulation (EU) 432/2012. A product may only make these claims if it supplies enough of the nutrient to qualify.
- Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision
- Vitamin A contributes to the normal function of the immune system
- Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal skin
How much is too much
EFSA tolerable upper intake level 3000 micrograms retinol equivalents per day for adults, 2024.
Cautions and interactions
Teratogenic. Do not take retinol supplements or high-dose cod liver oil if you are or could become pregnant. Liver, including pate, is very high in retinol.
Ask a pharmacist before you start anything. Interactions with prescribed medicines are the most common way supplements cause harm, and they are easy to check. Bring the actual packet, or a photo of the ingredients panel, because doses and forms vary enormously between products. Nothing here is a substitute for advice about your own situation.